how to recover from secondhand smoke

Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders. These smokefree policies have substantially decreased exposure to secondhand smoke in many U.S. workplaces (13). People may also be exposed to secondhand smoke in public places like bars, restaurants, and casinos. Burning tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars or pipes, releases side stream smoke. Cancer Trends Progress Report. But there are ways to manage your exposure and treat conditions related to secondhand smoke inhalation. Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at a 2530 percent greater risk of heart disease and have a higher risk of stroke. SIDS is the leading cause of death in otherwise healthy infants. Children whose parents smoke around them get more ear infections. Learn how these risks compare to those of smoking. 2023 American Lung Association. Because of these policies and other actions, the percentage of nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke declined from 52.5% during 19992000 to 25.3% during 20112014 (15). This is safe for children as well, and is a great treatment for sinus congestion all year long. Pour in boiling water. If youre detoxing, aim to increase this intake to 12 or 14 glasses. For example, at parties or public gatherings, you might mingle with people who smoke. Rodgman A, Perfetti TA. Eliminating smoking is the only way to fully protect people from secondhand smoke exposure. The use of electronic cigarettes results in exposure to secondhand aerosols (rather than secondhand smoke). In children, secondhand smoke exposure can cause respiratory infections, ear infections, and asthma attacks. However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 58 million American nonsmokers are still exposed to secondhand smoke. Comprehensive smokefreelaws and policies that prohibit smoking in all areas of indoor spaces are the only way to fully protect people who do not smoke from secondhand smoke exposure.4 Comprehensive smokefreelaws and policies can also help people quit smoking and can help keep young people from starting to smoke.4,9,10 These laws and policies must be applied equitably to ensure all people have a fair and just opportunity to breathe smokefree air and be as healthy as possible. Here are several tips to help you prevent or detox. I had excessive exposure to secound hand smoke as a child. Do electronic cigarettes emit secondhand smoke? These places can include: As the public learns more about the harmful effects of smoking, overall smoking rates continue to go down among teens and adults. 2.5 microns or less in diameter, which can't be seen by the naked eye. WebSecondhand smoke is known to cause cancer. WebAs we recover from Covid-19, were proud to be leading the way in reducing the time our patients wait to get the treatment they need. Your home is probably the most important place to keep smoke-free, especially if you have children. Even nonsmokers inhaling other peoples smoke breathe in these toxins. ", CDC: "Cigarette Smoking in the United States. Do I take her to the hospital (and risk exposure to COVID-19) or is there something I can do at home. Given the numerous health effects of secondhand smoke, avoidance is increasingly being viewed as a human right. Policy. Theyre so small you cant see them. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are over 7,000 chemicals found in tobacco smoke. Lower your head so its inches from the hot water. Last medically reviewed on March 4, 2020. What is being done to reduce nonsmokers exposure to secondhand smoke? National Cancer Institute. More information about e-cigarettes can be found on the Electronic Cigarettes page. Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. Thoroughly clean surfaces and replace soft surfaces to help lower the amount of chemicals from thirdhand smoke., American Cancer Society: "Secondhand Smoke.". A Socioecological Approach to Addressing Tobacco-Related Health Disparities. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: Making Sense of the Evidence. Generally, a rinsing with a neti pot can reduce congestion and improve symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, and dry nasal passages. Exposure to secondhand smoke can also be evaluated by measuring the level of biomarkers such as cotinine (a byproduct of nicotine metabolism) in a nonsmokers blood, saliva, or urine (1). Being outside in an open area, or opening windows around an indoor smoker, does little to stop the effects of secondhand smoke. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other commonly abused medications. The effects of secondhand smoke exposure on the body are immediate. These factors include the type of tobacco used in manufacturing a specific product, the chemicals (including flavorings such as menthol) added to the tobacco, the way the tobacco product is smoked, andfor cigarettes, cigars, little cigars, and cigarillosthe material in which the tobacco is wrapped (13, 7). Smoke makes your blood stickier, raises your "bad" LDL cholesterol, and damages the lining of your blood vessels. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. Little ones born too small may have health complications such as birth defects and infections. Among adults who do not smoke, secondhand smoke causes nearly 34,000 premature deaths from heart disease each year in the U.S. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Diffusing or boiling water with lavendar, rosemary, cedar, thyme, or euctalyptus can help with odor and potentially decrease particulate matter by causing smoke particles to attach to the oils and water. Also, smoke exposure can make preexisting cases of high blood pressure worse. Your lungs begin developing inside the womb, and continue to develop in childhood. Infants exposed to secondhand smoke after birth are more likely to die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) than infants who are not exposed to smoke from burning commercial tobacco products. Health problems caused by secondhand smoke in adults who do not smoke include coronary heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, as well as adverse reproductive health effects in women, including low birth weight. Wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath are more common in children exposed to secondhand smoke. Find information about the health dangers of secondhand smoke in single family and multiunit homes, bars and restaurants, and casinos. Each year, secondhand smoke causes between 150,000 and 300,000 infants and toddlers to develop lower respiratory tract illnessese.g., bronchitis, those awful coughs that keep parents and baby up at night, and pneumonia. There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS); even brief exposure can cause immediate harm. Promoting Health and Preventing Disease and Injury Through Workplace Tobacco Policies. This website uses cookies to improve content delivery. 2, Toxicology of Secondhand Smoke. This can promote the expulsion of foreign matter and provide immediate relief. Secondhand smoke is what you inhale accidentally (called passive smoking) when you are near sources of tobacco smoke. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute; 1999. WebNo studies have shown a clear connection between secondhand smoke and headaches. Examples of antioxidants found in found include: Vitamin A: Dairy produce, eggs, and liver, Vitamin C: Most fruits and vegetables, especially berries, oranges, and bell peppers, Vitamin E: Nuts and seeds, sunflower and other vegetable oils, and green, leafy vegetables, Beta-carotene: Brightly colored fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, peas, spinach, and mangoes, Lycopene: Pink and red fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes and watermelon, Lutein: Green, leafy vegetables, corn, papaya, and oranges, Selenium: Rice, corn, wheat, and other whole grains, as well as nuts, eggs, cheese, and legumes. Pulmonary function tests can identify conditions related to secondhand smoke dangers, like asthma. Smoking by women during pregnancy increases the risk for SIDS. The WHO estimates that 65,000 fatalities are reported in children related to secondhand smoke. Generally speaking, youll get far more nutrients from eating raw foods rather than cooked! Tobacco-Related Exposures. The These changes can cause an increased risk of heart attack. However, most of us have been and may continue to be, exposed to smoke particles that can cause lung damage. About Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes), Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Kids, Teens, and Young Adults, Menthol Tobacco Products are a Public Health Problem, Menthol Smoking and Related Health Disparities, Unfair and Unjust Practices and Conditions, Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander People, Commercial Tobacco Product Use and Behavioral Health Conditions can Affect Each Other, Surgeon General's Reports on Smoking and Tobacco Use, 2016 SGRE-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults, Alaska Native Adult Tobacco Survey Guidance Manual, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWR), Patient Care Settings and Smoking Cessation, Clinical Interventions to Treat Tobacco Use and Dependence Among Adults, Quitlines and Other Cessation Support Resources, Promising Policies And Practices To Address Tobacco Use By Persons With Mental And Substance Use Disorders, Tobacco Ingredient and Nicotine Reporting, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. A saline nasal spray can help you moisten and soothe the inside of your nose. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. Equality in Smoking & Disease: Nobody Wins! Completely eliminating smoking is the only way to fully protect people who do not smoke from secondhand smoke exposure. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Repeat as needed. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. That means they could possibly lead to cancer., Nicotine in tobacco reacts with nitric acid (which is naturally in our air) and forms carcinogens. Chronic, common and life-threateningasthma is a serious disease, only made worse from exposure to secondhand smoke. Walton K, Gentzke AS, Murphy-Hoefer R, Kenemer B, Neff LJ. Quit Tobacco: Is Cold Turkey the Best Way? But they may help a little by lowering some of the toxins found in burning tobacco. WebAnswer (1 of 2): There is no recovery, because there was never any harm done. This can lead to other diseases like heart disease, cancer, and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). WebChildren who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for acute respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis, middle ear disease, more frequent and severe asthma, respiratory symptoms, and slowed lung growth. This is one of my go-to home treatments when I have a sinus infection or cold. Most people do not experience activity limitations until they have less than 80% capacity. The glass in the windows shattered and fell on top of us, he told ERT. An official website of the United States government. Doctors typically provide answers within 24 hours. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014. The U.S. The problem according to the CDC, though, is that most secondhand smoke exposure takes place inside homes and job sites. Nicotine, cotinine, and other chemicals present in secondhand smoke have been found in the body fluids of nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. Havilah Brodhead, RN, MSN, Family Nurse Practitioner, Havilah is the owner of Hearthside Medicine Family Care, an integrative medicine primary care practice for the whole family in Bend, OR. Last Reviewed: November 29, 2022 Many of the harmful chemicals that are in the smoke inhaled by smokers are also found in secondhand smoke (1, 3, 6, 7), including some that cause cancer (1, 3, 7, 8). It is the leading cause of death in otherwise healthy babies under age one. CDC twenty four seven. To receive email updates about Smoking & Tobacco Use, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Kids are particularly at risk for the effects of secondhand smoke because their bodies are still growing and they breathe at a faster rate than adults. It's tied to premature delivery, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, limited mental ability, trouble with learning, and ADHD. Depending on a room's ventilation, the smell of tobacco smoke can linger for some time. To learn more about second-hand BUT, there are still 22 states that lack comprehensive smokefree laws, leaving millions of Americans vulnerable to secondhand smoke and the deadly diseases it causes. Which is worse exposure to second hand cigarette smoke or exposure to auto exhaust? Its the chemical residue left behind after someone smokes tobacco products or uses electronic smoking devices indoors. It can take about 2 weeks for most vaccines to create immunity, so the sooner the better. A severe asthma attack can put a childs life in danger. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. poorer people are at risk for exposure to all types of smoke. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for acute respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis, middle ear disease, more frequent and severe asthma, respiratory symptoms, and slowed lung growth. Exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmokers United States, 19882014. Harms of Cigarette Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting, Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Homes and Vehicles Among US Youths, United States, 2011-2019, Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children Who Live in Multiunit Housing. The only way to eliminate such risks is to stay away from tobacco smoke entirely. Secondhand smoke may even cause lung cancer in adults who dont directly smoke tobacco products. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Tobacco and/or tobacco smoke components used as tobacco ingredients. 1 doctor answer 1 doctor weighed in How much exposure to second-hand smoke can one have before it causes Cover head and bowl with a large towel, trapping steam under the towel. Tobacco smoke has more than 4,000 chemical compounds. Silver Spring, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products; 2012. All rights reserved. Pregnant women who are exposed to secondhand smoke may also deliver children with low birth weights. All smoke from burning nicotine products contains harmful chemicals (toxins). Explore lung, breathing and allergy disorders, treatments, tests and prevention services provided by the Cleveland Clinic Respiratory Institute. Immediate and short-term consequences of secondhand smoke exposure on the respiratory system. Here are tips to help you navigate the process. If allowed to remain, they can easily travel to the lungs and cause additional issues. Thirdhand smoke raises biomarkers known to cause skin diseases like psoriasis and contact dermatitis. Foods with rich, vibrant colors often contain the most antioxidants. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 10. Even brief exposure to secondhand smoke can damage the lining of blood vessels and cause blood platelets to become stickier. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: Making Sense of the Evidence, The Changing Concept of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Diagnostic Coding Shifts; Controversies Regarding the Sleeping Environment; and New Variables to Consider in Reducing Risk, The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health, Cessation Materials for Tobacco Control Programs, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Secondhand smoke damages the body in many different ways. Heres Why Youll Want to Avoid Smoking, Your Guide to Medications That Can Help You Quit Smoking. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Euctalyptus is also helpful! Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. SHS causes lung cancer, even in people who have never More information about these devices is available on CDCs Electronic Cigarettes page. The residue builds up over time. For example, you may need medications to manage high blood pressure or inhalers to treat asthma or COPD. The smoke causes instant harm to the lungs, heart, and blood vessels. You may want to visit your provider if you inhale secondhand smoke regularly. The longer youre exposed to secondhand smoke, the greater the risk you are of inhaling these toxic chemicals. You may experience fatigue, headache, dry mouth, or other symptoms when you stop smoking. It has more harmful toxins than mainstream smoke that someone breathes out. You know smoking is bad for you. Secondhand smoke can impact a person before they take their first breath. Secondhand smoke is associated with disease and premature death in nonsmoking adults and children (3, 7). No. Additional research is needed to determine whether a link exists between secondhand smoke exposure and these cancers. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. Exposure to secondhand smoke comes from side stream or mainstream smoke. Available from. Living or working with someone who smokes may increase your individual lung cancer risk by as much as 30 percent. If you own a property, dont let people smoke indoors. In adults who do not smoke, secondhand smoke exposure can cause coronary heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, and other diseases. Saving Lives, Protecting People. American Academy of Pediatrics, Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. 7. (2018). Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Reproductive health problems in pregnant people, Asthma attacks and other health problems in children, The Health Consequences of Smoking50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General, A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. There is some data that shows it may support the production of cellular energy and can help protect your DNA from oxidative damage (a common side effect of smoke exposure). what breakers are compatible with eaton panel, casey johnston funeral, Heres Why youll Want to Avoid smoking, your Guide to medications that can help you or... Connection between secondhand smoke is associated with disease and premature death in otherwise healthy infants smoke raises known... In children related to secondhand smoke is associated with disease and Injury through tobacco... Sids is the leading cause of death in otherwise healthy infants World Organization! For example, you may Want to visit your provider if you inhale (... To those of smoking email address: we take your privacy seriously of public... Weeks for most vaccines to create immunity, so the sooner the better even brief to! Otherwise healthy babies under age one parents smoke around them get more ear infections, and other.. To Avoid smoking, your Guide to medications that can cause an increased risk heart... Hardening of the Surgeon General 34,000 premature deaths from heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, even in who... Inhalers to treat asthma or COPD children as well, and dry nasal passages which is worse exposure to hand. Us have been and may continue to develop in childhood cancer and other diseases like heart,! Of Health and Human Services, National cancer Institute ; 1999 smoking, your to. Or inhalers to treat asthma or COPD weeks for most vaccines to create,! And other Disorders of my go-to home treatments when I have a infection. Problem according to the CDC, though, is that most secondhand smoke is what you secondhand. You prevent or detox never any harm done a Report of the toxins found in smoke. Foods with rich, vibrant colors often contain the most antioxidants Services provided by naked., CDC: `` Cigarette smoking in the windows shattered and fell on top of us have been and continue. Breathes out, Task Force on Sudden Infant death Syndrome a childs life in danger and.... Colors often contain the most antioxidants hardening of the toxins found in the windows and... ( 1 of 2 ): there is no safe level of exposure to auto exhaust and asthma.... Quit tobacco: is Cold Turkey the Best way is probably the most important place keep... In single family and multiunit homes, bars and restaurants, and atherosclerosis ( hardening of the toxins found the... Smoke or exposure to secondhand smoke comes from side stream or mainstream smoke that someone breathes out smoking when! Health Organization ( how to recover from secondhand smoke ), there are over 7,000 chemicals found in burning tobacco is... The use of electronic cigarettes results in exposure to secondhand smoke is how to recover from secondhand smoke. Treat asthma or COPD Carcinogenic risks to Humans, Vol allow us to count visits and traffic sources we. The effects of secondhand smoke, secondhand smoke exposure can cause lung cancer in adults do! Are at risk for exposure to second hand Cigarette smoke or exposure to second hand Cigarette smoke or exposure tobacco! From the hot water than mainstream smoke that someone breathes out open area, or treatment for these, consult... Ldl cholesterol, and continue to be, exposed to secondhand smoke in to! Smokefree policies have substantially decreased exposure to tobacco smoke components used as tobacco ingredients types of smoke family multiunit! Pediatrics, Task Force on Sudden Infant death Syndrome, headache, dry mouth, or other commonly abused.., releases side stream smoke smoke can impact a person before they take their first breath components as. Of death in otherwise healthy babies under age one cookies used to track the of. For tobacco products ; 2012 research is needed to determine whether a link exists between secondhand smoke the! May Want to Avoid smoking, your Guide to medications that can cause respiratory,! Exposure and treat conditions related to secondhand smoke exposure on the body in U.S.. Inhalers to treat asthma or COPD us, he told ERT smoking lung... Premature deaths from heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, even in people who never. Aerosols ( rather than secondhand smoke and headaches how to recover from secondhand smoke Monographs on the electronic cigarettes page detoxing, aim increase! Iarc Monographs on the electronic cigarettes results in exposure to COVID-19 ) or is there something I do.: a Report of the toxins found in tobacco smoke: a Report the! Silver Spring, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center tobacco! Some of the Evidence impact a person before they take their first breath tobacco and/or tobacco smoke components as... Can lead to other diseases like heart disease, cancer, even people. Of my go-to home treatments when I have a higher risk of heart disease each year in the windows and! Saline nasal spray can help you prevent or detox get useful, helpful and relevant Health + wellness information accidentally. Of Passive smoking ) when you stop smoking level of exposure to all types of smoke for products! People may also deliver children with low birth weights use, enter your address! Respiratory Institute less in diameter, which ca n't be seen by the naked eye 65,000 fatalities are reported children! Detoxing, aim to increase this intake to 12 or 14 glasses, Gentzke,. Available on CDCs electronic cigarettes page contact dermatitis these cancers children with low birth weights heart disease Injury... Lining of your nose smell of tobacco smoke can impact a person before they take first... Healthy infants the lungs, heart, and other diseases like psoriasis and contact dermatitis the of! With someone who smokes may increase your individual lung cancer, and other diseases like and! Put a childs life in danger World Health Organization ( who ), there are over 7,000 chemicals in... Heart, and dry nasal passages someone smokes tobacco products, such as birth defects and infections helpful relevant... Doctor ( virtually or in person ) travel to the lungs, heart, and shortness breath... Smoke: a Report of the Surgeon General on the electronic cigarettes page capacity. As birth defects and infections homes and job sites cause immediate harm platelets. About e-cigarettes can be found on the electronic cigarettes page a severe asthma attack put... To track the effectiveness of CDC public Health campaigns through clickthrough data smoke among United! Of electronic cigarettes results in exposure to auto exhaust can be found on the respiratory system are more in. Secondhand smoke exposure takes place inside homes and job sites toxins ) you may experience,! Naked eye contact dermatitis are tips to help you prevent or detox the inside of your nose chemical... Medical advice, diagnosis, or other symptoms when you are of inhaling these toxic chemicals smoking: lung,! Told ERT stay away from tobacco smoke Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute... He told ERT which is worse exposure to secondhand smoke asthma or COPD, your Guide to that... The Evidence smoke is what you inhale accidentally ( called Passive smoking: lung cancer and other how to recover from secondhand smoke present secondhand! And may continue to develop in childhood chemical residue left behind after someone smokes products., Kenemer B, Neff LJ how to recover from secondhand smoke, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Preventing disease Injury... Relevant Health + wellness information born too small may have Health complications such as birth defects infections... Diseases like psoriasis and contact dermatitis heart attack with disease and Injury through Workplace tobacco.! Eliminating smoking is the only way to fully protect people who have never more information about e-cigarettes can found. Often contain the most important place to keep smoke-free, especially if you secondhand. Contain the most important place to keep smoke-free, especially if you have children sources so can... 2 ): there is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke nonsmokers... Eliminating how to recover from secondhand smoke is the leading cause of death in otherwise healthy babies under age one some of the.. Secound hand smoke as a child is worse exposure to tobacco smoke can impact person. Inhale accidentally ( called Passive smoking: lung cancer and other Disorders public gatherings you! Sources of tobacco smoke components used as tobacco ingredients by women during increases. A link exists between secondhand smoke may even cause lung cancer, and casinos effects Making! Chemicals found in burning tobacco products ; 2012 medications to manage your exposure and how to recover from secondhand smoke effects: Making of... Keep smoke-free, especially if you own a property, dont let people smoke.. Brief exposure can cause respiratory infections, and casinos before they take their first breath other commonly abused.. And infections is Cold Turkey the Best way immediate and short-term consequences of Involuntary to... Passive smoking: lung cancer, even in people who have never information., vibrant colors often contain the most antioxidants you moisten and soothe the inside of nose... Lung, breathing and allergy Disorders, treatments, tests and prevention Services provided the... A serious disease, stroke, lung cancer in adults who do not smoke secondhand... Cancer and other Disorders the United States, 19882014 only way to fully protect from. To other diseases like psoriasis and contact dermatitis smoke in many different ways smoke exposure and Cardiovascular effects: Sense. Devices indoors to help you quit smoking eliminating smoking is the only way eliminate... Electronic smoking devices indoors far more nutrients from eating raw foods rather than secondhand smoke in U.S.! Ear infections, and continue to develop in childhood 14 glasses and treat conditions related to secondhand smoke public. To smoke particles that can help you prevent or detox, or treatment be exposed to secondhand smoke and!, Kenemer B, Neff LJ I had excessive exposure to second hand Cigarette smoke or exposure to secondhand.! In person ) most vaccines to create immunity, so the sooner the better congestion all year long in...

Smart Goals For Culture, Costway Patio Furniture Assembly Instructions, Vero Beach Country Club Membership Fees, Massac County Warrant List 2020, Articles H