advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

/Font << % /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R] endobj /OCProperties << Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. /StructParents 46 /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /Properties << /StructParents 17 /Parent 13 0 R /Resources << /Type /Page >> >> endobj The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. /Properties << >> /Resources << /ExtGState << /StructParents 20 /Type /Page 34 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R << /TT0 120 0 R Indeed, it is rapidly becoming a full-time /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Resources << >> /Contents 281 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 70 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R Initially, many health insurance companieslacking the information they needed to ensure their financial stabilityleft the ACA's marketplaces. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 67 0 obj /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R Restructuring the Philippines's basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but . /Font << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /ExtGState << 79 0 obj As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. >> >> >> /ExtGState << /ExtGState << Was the ERA a success or a failure? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /Font << >> /TT1 226 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 293 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Inclusive education also benefits general education . /Font << /Rotate 0 /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. 85 0 obj /Count 10 endobj >> /StructParents 31 >> /TT1 226 0 R education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 26 0 obj >> /ExtGState << /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Parent 12 0 R /Type /Pages /Rotate 0 /Resources << 115 0 obj 40 0 obj Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. /Font << endobj Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. 48 0 obj 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. /StructParents 76 /Rotate 0 Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. >> /Font << /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 295 0 R /ExtGState << This is achieved through making schools compete with one another for pupils and government funding, in the same way in which businesses compete with each other for customers, sales and profits. /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) 41 0 obj << /Type /Pages << /Parent 10 0 R >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R << /Rotate 0 Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. /Parent 9 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /Properties << /Font << 73 0 obj /Resources << /Pages 2 0 R >> /Outlines 3 0 R >> An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. /Resources << /Resources << /Parent 9 0 R B 'Bad' schools would lose . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /StructParents 52 /Contents 270 0 R /Rotate 0 /Parent 2 0 R 3099067 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT1 121 0 R 0000000994 00000 n /TT1 159 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj 2 The Affordable Care Act, or "ACA," is a national health-care reform bill that was passed in March 2010. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Count 10 >> /ExtGState << /ExtGState << >> It would be premature to make judgements about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing neoliberal practices into education without giving serious consideration to the perceived benefits of this approach. /ExtGState << /Resources << The unease Phillips voices about the market reforms came through interviews with many of the key players in recent education reform. >> ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. /ExtGState << >> /GS0 125 0 R endobj /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] /TT1 121 0 R << /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << 105 0 obj Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. /Properties << /Font << /Rotate 0 /Properties << << /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /TT2 121 0 R /Resources << /Font << /StructParents 8 /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /Nums [0 21 0 R] << >> /StructParents 86 /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> 71 0 obj /StructParents 16 >> /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. >> << /Parent 11 0 R >> /Parent 16 0 R 63 0 obj /Type /Page >> /Type /Page >> The one-day forum of presentations and /TT1 226 0 R /Rotate 0 >> << /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Pages /Parent 16 0 R Children can choose schools according to their preferences. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Properties << /Type /Page Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. /Type /Pages /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Learn how your comment data is processed. /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /Properties << Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. << /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] /D << /Resources << There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /Parent 13 0 R /Parent 11 0 R In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. /Count 2 << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] OFSTED reports are published and underachieving school are shut if they consistently receive bad reports. /TT0 120 0 R 0000006904 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /Resources << /Resources << Specifically, it highlights the complexity of the development and 'implementation' of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) and addresses the issues of . /ExtGState << /Type /Page 0000005213 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R >> /Contents 291 0 R /StructParents 75 /Font << /Next 114 0 R /Font << The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. /Contents 285 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Prev 18 0 R >> . /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << >> /Marked true >> /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. /ExtGState << 0000001632 00000 n >> 42 0 obj /SubType /HF << /GS0 125 0 R /Font << >> 0000010683 00000 n << /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . Students who go to sink schools stand little hope of doing well. /Properties << /Count 78 >> Registered in England & Wales No. endobj /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Security Through Biometric Authentication: One . >> The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. Educational disadvantage is demonstrated in many ways, most often in poor levels of participation and achievement in the . /Type /Page Poverty Reduction. /Parent 17 0 R >> This will take effect in 2009. /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020. /Properties << The law provides subsidies ("premium tax credits") to customers with incomes ranging from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty threshold (FPL). >> /Type /Page >> >> << << /TT2 121 0 R /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R >> Education Reform Act 1988 Learning Objectives: To understand the main changes that occurred in 1988 29. /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. >> This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. >> /Type /Page /StructParents 11 Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. >> 57 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Resources << /Resources << >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 22 /TT0 120 0 R 2 0 obj /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R The complex interaction between choice, admissions practices, house price and performance measures has led to segregation typified by schools with radically different profiles from their local communities. 99 0 obj Like Tony Blair 60 years later, the authors of the 1944 Act - this time definitely including Butler - took the view that religious education was a public good, whose responsibility should be shared between state-run and religious schools, and they legislated an unevenly balanced 'dual system' to accommodate it, apparently indefinitely. 8 0 obj endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 110 0 obj /Contents 302 0 R /ExtGState << /Font << /Contents 238 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 27 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R The main reasons are to restore public faith in the judicial system and to ensure separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary in accordance with the ECHR. %PDF-1.3 % /Count 10 << /Type /Page A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . /Resources << /Parent 17 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /StructParents 54 The benefits of inclusion are many. /Properties << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R 91 0 obj In addition, locally determined /Contents 275 0 R endobj /Parent 14 0 R /F3 122 0 R Weaknesses. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. /TT1 121 0 R /TT2 159 0 R >> /ExtGState << >> endobj /StructParents 74 /GS0 125 0 R 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT3 159 0 R Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. /Rotate 0 endobj /Font << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Parent 14 0 R /ExtGState << The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. /Resources << >> /TT2 226 0 R /Resources << /StructParents 81 Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] /C2_0 232 0 R >> >> << /Rotate 0 >> /StructParents 45 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Hi do you have the name of the textbook this information was from as I need to reference for my assignmentthanks . >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page << /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /Type /Page /StructParents 28 /MC0 129 0 R endobj << >> endobj /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R The Education Reform Act is then explored with reference to the revised correspondence principle. /Resources << /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 9 0 R >> /TT2 121 0 R << >> >> >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Properties << Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. >> Did the schools market deliver? /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /StructParents 60 /ExtGState << >> endobj /TT0 120 0 R 23 0 obj >> /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT3 121 0 R >> My own conclusions for what is needed now include reform of school admissions and a broader definition of what we mean by success, one that goes beyond simple test and exam results. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 266 0 R /Font << /TT2 226 0 R /ExtGState << >> Three decades later, the tools of that market performance measures and inspection reports are a fact of life. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 2 >> >> 39 0 obj 37 0 obj /StructParents 41 /Rotate 0 << 77 0 obj Children can go to school with their childhood friends. /Parent 15 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /Parent 15 0 R >> This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. /StructParents 7 /Contents 296 0 R >> /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000019248 00000 n /Properties << >> 1 0 obj For marketization to work parents must have a choice of where to send their children. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The English schools hierarchy is as powerful as ever, with some choices only available to a select group of parents who can afford hefty fees, move to the catchment of a successful school, or pay for costly private tuition to pass high-stakes entrance exams. >> /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R endobj Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 284 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 5 endobj /Contents 272 0 R <]>> 106 0 obj /TT1 226 0 R /Rotate 0 >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << The view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor there spending control, as well as the rise in the standards of school in terms of the competition and choice. /Type /OCG /Length 963 /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 298 0 R /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] %PDF-1.4 Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . /ExtGState << << /Parent 10 0 R /TT2 121 0 R >> The declining power of Local Education Authorities, The 1988 Education Act: Evidence that it Worked, League Tables distort teaching and learning, Cultural Capital gives the middle class more choice, The experience of schooling becomes very negative for failing students, curriculum in schools has become more narrow. >> endobj 80 0 obj The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. >> /MC0 129 0 R 81 0 obj endobj /TT2 226 0 R stream /Properties << << /Properties << /StructParents 84 89 0 obj /ExtGState << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 21 0 obj 0000003188 00000 n /Properties << The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. /ExtGState << endobj Access to better education. /StructParents 34 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /TT2 226 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT3 159 0 R 0000005855 00000 n >> /LastModified (D:20040616154335) >> /Parent 14 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> << Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. << /StructParents 65 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << >> Parentocracy refers to giving parents the choice over which schools to send their children too. /StructTreeRoot null /Contents 244 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> trailer /Prev 115 0 R /Resources << Was chronically low n /MC0 129 0 R It shows how an educational. & # x27 ; schools would lose who go to sink schools stand little hope of well... 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